Improvement in pipes and tubes for water and gas



ittici ndert i anni y @dus j 'HENRY M. s'roW, or' SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

1 'Leners raam; No. 110,399, ama Daembe 20,1870.

" IMPROVEMENT IN PIPES AND TUBES FOR WATER AND GAS.

, The schedina :ermee to in um neem riem im making pnt or .nu um.

of California, lhave invented a new and useful Improvement -in Pipes for Conducting Water and lias;1

and I do hereby `declare that the following .is a full,

clear, and exact `rle'scrip'tion thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawhig and4 the letters of reference marked thereon. v

`The object of this intention is to produce -a pipe for conducting water or gas',either under or'abore ground or through water, that will be not only cheaper and more durable than metal pipe, but that will, when used as a water-pipe, protect the water therein from ireezing. 4

The nature of my invention consists in construct- ,.ing a pipe 'of sheetfiron or othemsuitable metal, pa-

penjor paper-pulp, and pitch, a-ll combined together, as li'erein described. v

i Int-he accompanying drawing- Figure 1 represents a cross-section 'of one modification of -my combination-pipe; Figure 2, across-section of another modification of `the same; and j A Figure 3, a longitudinal elevation of another modi-` iicationof the saine, in an unfinished state, on the mandrel around which it is formed.

In the modification shown in Iig.v 1 the metal portion of'l the pipe consists of a sheetLix-on tube, a, the edges of which lap, as shown at a'. y

The sheet metal of which this tube is` composed is coated on both sides, or on the inner side only, with common single roofing-paper, d, thoroughly saturated with pitch, and applied while hot. f'

Thissbeet is' first bent around a mandrel into the form of atube, and is then wrapped to any desired thickness with English double roofing-paper, ZZ', thoroughly saturated and covered with pitch, and also ap` plied in a hot state'. The outside may thcn be covered with another 4coating of pitch it deemed expe- I dient. l The modification shownjn fig. 2 is constructed precisely. as above described, except that there I are two concentric sheet-metal tubes employed, the edges of 4 the metal not necessarily lapping, and these tubes are' so placed, one within the .`other,'that thc jointsor seams will come-on opposite-sides ot'tlie..compoi1i1d pipe, as shown atb b, iig. 2. l f.

I prefer to\vrap the inner tuhearithn coating o'f pitched papes/beforeinserting it. inthe4 outer tube. `W`hen the twotubes are thus placed, one within the l other, they are to berwrapped with double roofing-pa- ;"per saturated ivitlrpitcli, as above described.

, .In the modification shown in fig. 3 single rootingpaper thoroughly saturated and covered with pitch,

u and haring cemented to one side a corresponding strip of sheet metal of alittle less width, is wound spil-ally around a mandrel, the pitched paper inward, as shown in 3. Y

Tbewhole is then thoroughly ooatedover with hot "pitch, which fills all the creviees betweeulthe edges oi the spiral strip 4of paper, so that no water ,from the inside of the pipe can ever come'in contact with the sheet metal.

C is the mandrel;

1) the strip of pitched paper; and E, the strip of `sheet metal, cemented thereto, and both wound spirally around the mandrel.

In this 'condition the partially-formed pipe is ready to receive a coating of hot. pitch and then to be wrapped with` doubleroofing pitched paper, as above described. l

In each modification it will be seen that the metal, inside and outside, is completely covered with paper and pitch,so that no water can comein contact with l it.` lThe inner surface of the sheet metal, however, may be covered with a thick coating of pitch only, without paper.

I do not limit myself to the particular kinds of paper above mentioned, as otherkinds of coaise thick paper may answer the purpose, or paper-pulp, wool, or dax, saturated with pitch, may be 'applied without being first formed into sheets.

Inconstructing my pipe I use coal-,tar pitch, pineptch, or resin-pitch, but do not limit myself thereto, as other kinds of pitch maylanswerthe same purose. V p Connecting joints maybe formedby inserting the end of` one pipe into the end of another, the ends be'- ing suitably shaped for that purpose; or Vby inserting a 'short metal'pipe, coated with pitch or pitch and pa-` per, into both, and then surroundingthe joint with a metal sleeve coated in like manner; or other known methods of forming connecting joints in pipes may l be adopted; butfinall cases the metal used in forming such joints must be completely protectedfrom contact with water by means ot" pitch or pitched paicr.- l

l Instead of a spiral strip of Sheetmetal the pipe may be wound spirally with two .or more layers of wire, pitched paper being interposed between the lay- V ers, and theonter layer covered therewith, as "above described.

The compound material of which the pipe is mainly composed, being a very slowconductor, protects the water -in thcfpipe from the efiec'tsof frost.

For very cold climatesorcxposed situations the thickness of the outer coating of paper and p itch may be increased to any desired degree, to render the prgg v tecton against frost perfect, or a coating of pitch nd sawdust maylbe added to increasethe thickness.

i I have proved by experiment that a pipe m'ade ac- 'cording to-the modification shown iniig. 3 of threefonrths of an inch caliber and five-sixteenths of an inch thick will withstand a pressure' of iive hundred pounds to the square inch. The strength of the pipe may be increased indefinitely by applyingv two or` more Slpiral strips of metal, interposng pitched paper between them.

I am aware that pipes have been made by winding i.

wooden hoops spirally and lining the pipe Aso formed with tarred paper, and' therefore I do not claim a. pipe sovconstructed but Y 1 That I do claim isi A pipe'coinposed of sheet metal or wire, and paper and pitch, substantially as herein described. HENRY M. STOW.

Witnesseszv, GaAs. L. OooMs,

YEDM. F. BROWN. Y' 

